Frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in district Swat, Pakistan

Up till now about 400 red cells antigen have been identified. The majority are inherited by Mendelian Fashion. The ABO blood group system was first to be identified and RH blood group system was the 4th one, both are most important for blood transfusion purposes. This study is conducted to determine the frequency of ABO and Rhesus [Rh] blood groups in District Swat, NWFP, Pakistan. It is a cross sectional prospective study and was conducted at Saidu Teaching Hospital district Swat, over a period of one year. [1[st] Jan, 2007 to 31[st] Dec, 2007]. A total of 22897 subjects were included in this study. Patients were collected from different wards of Saidu Teaching Hospital while the donors from common population. From each subject blood was collected, ABO and Rh blood grouping were carried out by tile method using commercially prepared anti sera. The frequency of each type was calculated. Out of 22897 subjects 17141 [74.86%] were male subjects and 5756 [25.14%] were female. Out of 17141 male subjects 15597 [90.99%] and out of 5756 female subjects 5040 [87.56%] were found to be Rh-positive. The frequency of Rh-negative group in male subjects were [9.01%] where as in female subjects were [12.22%]. The frequency of A, B, O and AB groups in Rh-positive male subjects were 25.63%, 29.54%, 26.04% and 9.78%, amongst female subjects, it was 24.53%, 28.06%, 25.54% and 9.43% respectively. In Rh-negative male subjects the frequency of A, B, O and AB is 2.25%, 2.88%, 3.01% and 0.88%, while amongst females it is 3.54%, 4.24%, 3.74% and 0.92% respectively. It is concluded from this study that frequency of Rh-positive blood group is B, O, A, and AB in both gender. Where as the most common Rh-negative in male and female subjects are O, B, A, AB, and B, O, A, and AB respectively

Diagnostic outcome of patients presenting with severe thunderclap headache at saidu teaching hospital

To find out the frequency of patients attending Casualty department of a Teaching Hospital with sudden severe thunderclap headache, their diagnostic out-come and follow up. The study was conducted in Casualty and Medical, Departments of Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, from January 2006 to December 2006. Out of 22,000 patients with different Medical problems attended Casualty department during study period of which 128 cases had acute severe thunderclap headache. Age range was 15 to 80 years with mean age of 46 +/- 10 years. Seventy eight patients [61%] were female and fifty [39%] were male. Protocol included proper clinical examination, basic laboratory investigations, admission to the General medical ward / Intensive care unit for observation, treatment and follow-up. CT scan of brain and or lumber puncture was performed in all the studied patients. The in-hospital follow up period was from two to fourteen days. The patients were reviewed one month later after discharge from hospital. Out of 120 patients twenty cases [15.6%] had Subarachnoid haemorrhage [SAH] seven patients [5.4%] had Cerebral infarction, five patients [3.9%] had an Intracerebral Haematoma. Five patients [3.9%] had aseptic meningitis. Two cases [1.5%] were reported as cerebral edema. One case [0.8%] had venous sinus thrombosis. As there was no specific finding on investigations and follow up of 88 cases [69%]: these were labeled as idiopathic thunder-clap headache. Past history of not more than three similar episodes was present in 33 cases [25.78%]. Out of these 33 cases, thirty belonged to the benign group of 88; other three cases had organic causes. Clinical diagnosis of Migraine was made in 37 cases out of these 88 cases. Attack of severe thunderclap headache is not an un-common emergency. Attack due to Subarachnoid haemorrhage [SAH] or other serious underlying disease cannot be distinguished from non specific headaches on clinical grounds alone. It is recommended that all such patients be hospitalized and investigated properly with CT scan and or lumbar puncture to distinguish between benign and organic headaches

Review of 100 cases of intestinal amoebiasis in SWAT

The objective of this study was to find out the frequency of intestinal amoebiasis and the evaluation of clinical features and effectiveness of therapy in such patients. Material and This study was conducted in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals Swat from April to August 2001. An analysis of 100 patients with abdominal symptoms was done. Stool examination was performed by a specially trained technician. The stools were reported positive for Entamoeba histolytica in 70% of patients. These patients usually presented with chronic, low-grade upper abdominal pain and vague general abdominal discomfort, belching and flatulence. Bowel habits varied from continuous diarrhea to constipation alone. Frank dysentery with blood and mucous was rare. of treatment were good. The frequency of amoebiasis is high in Swat and stool examination may be diagnostic in majority of cases